![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Transnational characteristics such as the outflow of refugees, the illicit trade in natural resources and weapons, and the transit across borders of rebel and government forces tended to sustain conflicts and destabilize neighbouring states. Virtually all the conflicts studied elicited the direct political, economic or military involvement of other states and multinational organizations. Three of the four remaining countries in conflict are island states, where spillover must overcome a natural barrier. Of the 14 intra-state conflicts examined, 10 spilled over into neighbouring states. However, most intra-state conflicts do not remain confined within the borders of a single country. All the other conflicts in 2000 were intra-state (internal). The only interstate major armed conflicts in 2000 were between Eritrea and Ethiopia and between India and Pakistan in Kashmir. ![]()
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